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Compare Tonga (2003) - French Polynesia (2001)
Compare Tonga (2003) z French Polynesia (2001)
| Tonga (2003) | French Polynesia (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u | none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 5 archipelagic divisions named Archipel des Marquises, Archipel des Tuamotu, Archipel des Tubuai, Iles du Vent, and Iles Sous-le-Vent
note: Clipperton Island is administered by France from French Polynesia |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 38.2% (male 21,085; female 20,265)
15-64 years: 57.6% (male 30,785; female 31,532) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,973; female 2,501) (2003 est.) |
0-14 years:
29.74% (male 38,473; female 36,925) 15-64 years: 65.17% (male 86,128; female 79,076) 65 years and over: 5.09% (male 6,481; female 6,423) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish | coconuts, vanilla, vegetables, fruits; poultry, beef, dairy products |
| Airports | 6 (2002) | 45 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
total:
32 over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 6 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
total:
13 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 10 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 748 sq km
land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km |
total:
4,167 sq km (118 islands and atolls) land: 3,660 sq km water: 507 sq km |
| Area - comparative | four times the size of Washington, DC | slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut |
| Background | The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. | The French annexed various Polynesian island groups during the 19th century. In September 1995, France stirred up widespread protests by resuming nuclear testing on the Mururoa atoll after a three-year moratorium. The tests were suspended in January 1996. |
| Birth rate | 24.51 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 18.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $39.9 million
expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY 99/00 est.) |
revenues:
$1 billion expenditures: $900 million, including capital expenditures of $185 million (1996) |
| Capital | Nuku'alofa | Papeete |
| Climate | tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) | tropical, but moderate |
| Coastline | 419 km | 2,525 km |
| Constitution | 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 | 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) |
| Country name | conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga
conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands |
conventional long form:
Territory of French Polynesia conventional short form: French Polynesia local long form: Territoire de la Polynesie Francaise local short form: Polynesie Francaise former: French Colony of Oceania |
| Currency | pa'anga (TOP) | Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF) |
| Death rate | 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 4.45 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $57.5 million (June 2001) | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | overseas territory of France since 1946 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga | none (overseas territory of France) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU
chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1136 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco |
none (overseas territory of France) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) | $367 million (1997) |
| Economy - overview | Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. | Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. Tourism accounts for about one-fourth of GDP and is a primary source of hard currency earnings. The small manufacturing sector primarily processes agricultural products. The territory benefited from a five-year (1994-98) development agreement with France aimed principally at creating new jobs. |
| Electricity - consumption | 25.36 million kWh (2001) | 399.9 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2001) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2001) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 27.27 million kWh (2001) | 430 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
fossil fuel:
51.16% hydro: 48.84% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m |
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Orohena 2,241 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian, Europeans about 300 | Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4% |
| Exchange rates | pa'anga per US dollar NA (2002), 2.12 (2001), 1.76 (2000), 1.6 (1999), 1.49 (1998) | Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 127.11 (January 2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997), 93.00 (1996); note - pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro |
| Executive branch | chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)
head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch |
chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Paul RONCIERE (since NA 1994) head of government: President of the Territorial Government of French Polynesia Gaston FLOSSE (since 4 April 1991); President of the Territorial Assembly Justin ARAPARI (since 13 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers; president submits a list of members of the Territorial Assembly for approval by them to serve as ministers elections: French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Government and the president of the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly |
| Exports | NA (2001) | $205 million (f.o.b., 1999) |
| Exports - commodities | squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops | cultured pearls 50%, coconut products, mother-of-pearl, vanilla, shark meat (1997) |
| Exports - partners | Japan 43.2%, US 41.2%, Greece 4% (2002) | Japan 62%, US 21% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | calendar year |
| Flag description | red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner | two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue and white ship rides on the wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $236 million (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2.6 billion (1997 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 26%
industry: 12% services: 62% (2001 est.) |
agriculture:
4% industry: 18% services: 78% (1997) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $10,800 (1997 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3% (2001 est.) | 2.5% (1997 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 20 00 S, 175 00 W | 15 00 S, 140 00 W |
| Geography - note | archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) | includes five archipelagoes; Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru |
| Highways | total: 680 km
paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.) |
total:
792 km paved: 264 km unpaved: 528 km (2000) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | NA (2001) | $749 million (f.o.b., 1999) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals | fuels, foodstuffs, equipment |
| Imports - partners | New Zealand 30.8%, Fiji 20.7%, US 14.2%, Australia 13.2%, China 6.1% (2002) | France 53%, US 13%, Australia 10% (1999) |
| Independence | 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) | none (overseas territory of France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 8.6% (FY 98/99) | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, fishing | tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 13.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
9.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 8.4% (2001 est.) | 1.5% (1994) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) | ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WMO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) | Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif |
| Labor force | 33,908 (1996) | 70,000 (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 65% (1997 est.) | agriculture 13%, industry 19%, services 68% (1997) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 23.61%
permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (1998 est.) |
arable land:
1% permanent crops: 6% permanent pastures: 5% forests and woodland: 31% other: 57% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Tongan, English | French (official), Tahitian (official) |
| Legal system | based on English law | based on French system |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 70%; seats - pro-democratic 7, traditionalist 2 |
unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 12 May 1996 (next to be held NA 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 22, Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia 10, New Fatherland Party 5, other 4 note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1998); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UC 1; two seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 68.88 years
male: 66.43 years female: 71.44 years (2003 est.) |
total population:
75.01 years male: 72.67 years female: 77.46 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English
total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.) |
definition:
age 14 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% (1977 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from South America to Australia |
| Map references | Oceania | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 78 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 250,020 GRT/350,055 DWT
ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 44, chemical tanker 4, container 1, liquefied gas 5, livestock carrier 2, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Albania 1, Australia 4, Austria 1, Bolivia 1, Cyprus 1, Djibouti 1, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Lebanon 2, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Morocco 1, Norway 1, Panama 1, Romania 3, Russia 1, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 5, Ukraine 1, UAE 16, US 4 (2002 est.) |
total:
4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,240 GRT/7,765 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of France |
| Military branches | Tonga Defense Services (made up of three operational command components and two support elements, including the Royal Marines, Royal Guards, Maritime Force, a support/logistics group, and a training group), Police; note - a new air wing that will be subordinate to the Ministry of Defense is being developed | French Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 4 June (1970) | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) |
| Nationality | noun: Tongan(s)
adjective: Tongan |
noun:
French Polynesian(s) adjective: French Polynesian |
| Natural hazards | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou | occasional cyclonic storms in January |
| Natural resources | fish, fertile soil | timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 3.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | there are no political parties | Centrist Union or UC [leader NA]; Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [Akilisi POHIVA, president] | NA |
| Population | 108,141 (July 2003 est.) | 253,506 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.9% (2003 est.) | 1.72% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai | Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) | AM 2, FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 128,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) | Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 16% |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: NA
domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996) |
general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 8,000 (1996) | 52,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 302 (1996) | 5,427 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (2001) | 7 (plus 17 low-power repeaters) (1997) |
| Terrain | most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base | mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs |
| Total fertility rate | 3 children born/woman (2003 est.) | 2.23 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 13.3% (1996 est.) | 15% (1992 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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